Heavy Metal Intake by Fishes of Different River Locations in Bangladesh: A Comparative Statistical Review
Md. Mazedul Haque Sachchu
*
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh and Department of Environment and Chemical Management, Epyllion Knitwears Ltd-HW, Madanpur, Bandar, Narayanganj-1411, Bangladesh.
Amir Hossain
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Md. Mahmudul Kobir
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Md. Durul Hoda
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Md. Raju Ahamed
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Miss Nushrat Jahan Lima
Department of Geography and Environment, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Tanjina Nasrin Eva
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
Md. Ashraful Alam
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh and Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Councill of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Bangladesh a nation with a high population density, gets all of the protein it needs from river fishes. The observation is very alarming that heavy metals polluted the major river water by the growing garment washing, dyeing and textile, fertilizer, cement, tannery, metal, electrochemical and pharmaceutical industries were the main culprits that don’t have proper effective effluent treatment plants (ETP). High-value heavy metals in industrial area river fish as chromium (Cr) 164.73 mg/kg in Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish) at Buriganga River, Hazaribagh, zinc (Zn) 309.47 mg/kg in Mastacembelus armatus (Bain) fish at Bangshi river, Savar, copper (Cu) 26.33 mg/kg in Mastacembelus armatus (Bain) at Bangshi river, Savar, arsenic (As) 5.64 mg/kg in Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish) at Bangshi river, Savar, lead (Pb) 18.16 mg/kg in Channa punctatus (Taki) at Buriganga river, Hazaribagh and cadmium (Cd) 2.03 mg/kg in Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish) at Buriganga river, Hazaribagh were observed. The two rivers are identified as most contaminated by heavy metals one is the Bangshi River, Savar, Gazipur and another one Buriganga River, Hazaribagh. The main reason for the contamination of these two rivers was uncontrolled industrialization around Dhaka and in Hazaribagh, a huge number of tanneries have grown that use a huge quantity of Cr creating a threat to the ecosystem and even a serious health risk for humans. Heavy metals that fish consume are contaminating river water ecosystems. This contamination spreads to human bodies and is the cause of many serious ailments.
Keywords: Eco-system, effluent, health effect, heavy metal, point and non-point source, toxicity
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Roels HA, Lauwerys RR, Buchet JP, Bernard A, Chettle DR, Harvey TC, Al-Haddad IK. In vivo measurement of liver and kidney cadmium in workers exposed to this metal: Its significance with respect to cadmium in blood and urine. Environmental Research. 1981;26(1):217-240.
Sarkar T, Alam MM, Parvin N, Fardous Z, Chowdhury AZ, Hossain S, Biswas N. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and human health risk in shrimp collected from different farms and rivers at Khulna-Satkhira region, Bangladesh. Toxicology Reports. 2016;3:346-350.
Shishir MKH, Sadia SI, Ahmed S, Aidid AR, Rana MM, Hasan MM, Alam MA. Transmission electron microscopic and x-ray diffraction based study of crystallographic bibliography demonstrated on silver, copper and titanium nanocrystals: State of the art Statical review. Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research. 2024;15(3):1-19.
Haque NN, Alam MA, Baidya AS, Zenat EA, Rahman MZ, Roy CK, Munshi JL. Bioremedial capacity of indigenous hydrophytes and microalgae of Bangladesh: A comparative study on their potential in tannery effluent treatment. Asian Journal of Environment and Ecology. 2024;23(6):53-65.
Ahamed MS, Ali MS, Ahmed S, Sadia SI, Islam MR, Rahaman MA, Alam MA. Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials Capping by Fruit-mediated Extracts and Antimicrobial Activity: A Critical Review. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2024;25(1):45-60.
Zenat M, Akther E, Haque NN, Hasan MR, Begum M, Munshi JL, Alam MA. Antifungal activity of various plant extracts against aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from leather-borne fungus. Microbiology Research Journal International. 2024;34(1):10-23.
Sarkar AK, Ahmed S, Sadia SI, Kobir MM, Tabassum S, Islam MR, Alam MA. Overview of the skeleton significance of toothpaste formulation, evaluation and historical perspectives: Insights from Bangladesh’s toothpaste industry. Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews. 2024;7(1):80-101.
Kobir MM, Tabassum S, Ahmed S, Sadia SI, Alam MA. Crystallographic benchmarking on diffraction pattern profiling of Polymorphs-TiO2 by WPPF for Pigment and Acrylic Paint. Archives of Current Research International. 2024; 24(1):62-70.
Ali MS, Ahmed S, Islam MR, Ahamed MS, Rahaman MA, Khatun M, Alam MA. Diabetes mellitus control including fruits in diet: Exhaustive review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Food Research and Nutrition. 2024;3(1):43-59.
Islam MR, Ahmed S, Sadia SI, Sarkar AK, Alam MA. Comprehensive review of phytochemical content and applications from cestrum nocturnum: A Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Aspects. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry. 2023;13(4):43-58.
Moulick SP, Hossain MS, Al Mamun MZU, Jahan F, Ahmed MF, Sathee RA, Islam F. Characterization of waste fish bones (Heteropneustes fossilis and Otolithoides pama) for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye. Results in Engineering. 2023;20:101418.
Rahman MM, Maniruzzaman M, Yeasmin MS, Gafur MA, Shaikh MAA, Alam MA, Quddus MS. Adsorptive abatement of Pb2+ and crystal violet using chitosan-modified coal nanocomposites: A down flow column study. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 2023;23:101028.
Haque NN, Alam MA, Roy CK, Zenat M, Akther E, Munshi JL. Cyanobacteria mediated CO2 segregation: A promising alternative method for sustainable bioremediation and biomass production. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry. 2023;13(3):28-43.
Alam MA, Mostafa S, Bishwas RK, Sarkar D, Tabassum M, Jahan SA. Low-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of High Crystalline 3c-Ag Nanoparticle. Available:SSRN 4446717
Alam MA, Bishwas RK, Mostofa S, Jahan SA. Crystallographic phase stability of nanocrystalline polymorphs tio2 by tailoring hydrolysis pH. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2024;49:73-85.
Tabassum M, Alam MA, Mostofa S, Bishwas RK, Sarkar D, Jahan SA. Synthesis and crystallinity integration of copper nanoparticles by reaction medium. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2024;626:127486.
Hasan MR, Abdur R, Alam MA, Aziz S, Sujan A, Islam D, Hossain M. + Exploring the effects of different parameters on the incorporation of K ions in eggshell derived CaO reveals highly variable catalytic efficiency for biodiesel conversion. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2024;47(1):67-74.
Alam MA, Bishwas RK, Mostofa S, Jahan SA. Low-temperature synthesis and crystal growth behavior of nanocrystal anatase-TiO2. Materials Letters. 2024;354: 135396.
Bishwas RK, Mostofa S, Alam MA, Jahan SA. Removal of malachite green dye by sodium dodecyl sulfate modified bentonite clay: Kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm modeling. Next Nanotechnology. 2023;3:100021.
Alam MA, Tabassum M, Mostofa S, Bishwas RK, Sarkar D, Jahan SA. The effect of precursor concentration on the crystallinity synchronization of synthesized copper nanoparticles. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2023;621:127386.
Alam MA, Mobashsara MT, Sabrina SM, Bishwas RKB, Debasish DS, Shirin SAJ. One-pot low-temperature synthesis of high crystalline cu nanoparticles. Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology. 2023;122-127.
Alam MA, Munni SA, Mostafa S, Bishwas RK, Jahan SA. An investigation on synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry. 2023;12(3):1-10.
Opeyemi IE, Olatunde OO. Determination of heavy metals in water and some selected fish species in River Ofin, Ado-Ekiti. Annual Research and Review in Biology. 2020;35(3):52–62. Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i330200
Akter M, Zakir HM, Sharmin S, Quadir QF, Mehrin S. Heavy metal bioaccumulation pattern in edible tissues of different farmed fishes of My Mensingh area, Bangladesh and health risk assessment. Advances in Research. 2020;21(4):44–55. Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/air/2020/v21i430200
Elnabris KJ, Muzyed SK, El-Ashgar NM. Heavy metal concentrations in some commercially important fishes and their contribution to heavy metals exposure in Palestinian people of Gaza Strip (Palestine). Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences. 2013;13(1):44-51.