The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome in Regeneration of Thyroid Tissue Damage after Thyroid Lobectomy: A Literature Review

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are a type of stem cell that is multipotent and originates from the mesoderm and ectoderm at an early stage of development and can differentiate into: 1. Ectodermal derivatives such as: neurons, keratocytes and keratinocytes; 2. Endodermal derivatives such as: hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells. MSCs were first discovered in the bone marrow, but in recent research they have been found in many other body tissues, such as the lungs, pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, synovial tissue, muscles, bones, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. MSCs vary in content, accessibility, proliferation ability, immunomodulatory capacity, and the cytokines they secrete, and have different therapeutic potential based on different sources. Recent evidences showed that even the secreted factor including secretome, microvesicles, or exosomes alone without the cell may repair damaged tissue in various conditions. In this review, we summarize the latest research which aims to provide an overview of the influence of the mesenchymal stem cells secretome in regenerating damaged follicular thyroid tissue after thyroid lobectomy, so that in the future research can be carried out on this matter to minimize complications after thyroid lobectomy, can even regenerate follicular thyroid tissue, and can be an option treatment to help overcome the current challenges of hormone replacement therapy.